Smart Agricultural Watering Simulation & Control Model
Embedded automation coursework project modeling soil moisture dynamics, two-point ADC calibration curves, and hysteresis pump control logic in simulated environmental conditions.
Visual Evidence & Architecture Diagrams
Authentic system diagrams, CAD models, and prototype artifacts documented from technical project reports and live deployments. Click any diagram to inspect full resolution.
System SchematicProblem Statement and Solution Architecture
The Problem & Constraints
Agricultural irrigation frequently wastes water through blind timer-based schedules or experiences rapid pump short-cycling when simple single-threshold sensors oscillate around setpoints.
The Engineering Solution
Formulated a mathematical soil-moisture loss/gain model with a two-point calibration curve (Raw Dry = 4095 to Raw Wet = 1800), implementing hysteresis control logic (Pump ON < 30%, Pump OFF > 70%) with manual override capability.
System Architecture & Operational Workflow
Mathematical control algorithm designed for ESP32/Arduino execution, simulating soil moisture decay, sensor ADC quantization, hysteresis relay switching, and override state handling.
Analog Sensor Quantization
Raw 12-bit ADC input is captured and validated against electrical bounds.
Calibration Mapping
Formula converts raw voltage to normalized percentage: ((4095 - Reading) / 2295) * 100.
Hysteresis Evaluation
When moisture drops below 30%, pump state latches ON; remains running until moisture reaches 70%.
Simulation Update
Model decrements moisture by evaporation rate during idle and increments during watering cycle.
Key Subsystems & Functional Modules
Detailed breakdown of core software components, algorithms, and automated interfaces engineered for this project.
Anti-Chatter Hysteresis
Decoupled activation (30%) and deactivation (70%) setpoints ensuring stable motor operation.
Fault Clamping
Safeguards handling open-circuit (disconnected) or short-circuit sensor states without uncontrolled flooding.
Simulation Test Harness
Mathematical parameters modeling arid evaporation (0.1%/s) and sprinkler delivery (5%/s).
Manual Override Protocol
State machine enabling immediate operator intervention via physical push-button or remote signal.
Applied Technology Stack & Frameworks
Specific libraries, cloud services, and protocols utilized across the development lifecycle.
Control & Modeling
Target Embedded Firmware
Engineering Contribution
- Formulated mathematical calibration equations, developed state-machine control logic, and simulated hysteresis response curves.
Validation & Testing Evidence
- Validated via mathematical simulation and laboratory microcontroller test code; verified that hysteresis completely eliminates rapid relay cycling across 100+ simulated dry-down and watering cycles.
Technical Scope Transparency & Future Roadmap
TrustByte adheres to rigorous engineering ethics. We explicitly delineate verified production features from simulated models, proposed future integrations, or hardware constraints:
- Documented and tested as a mathematical model and embedded firmware simulation; does not represent an in-ground agronomic field deployment with real soil crop trials.
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